Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 200606 digital image http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_nwhi_mid_optical.htm ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/nwhi/optical/midway/mid_toad.jpg This map displays optical validation observation locations and percent coverage of scleractinian coral overlaid on bathymetry. To display locations of optical validation data collected and percent coverage of scleractinian coral at Midway Atoll. The Midway Islands, located at 28.2 N, 177.4W and 1.42 sq. km in area, are enclosed in the classically shaped Midway Atoll. The underlying basalt, covered by more than 400m of fossil reef, is estimated to be 28 million years old. (Boreholes drilled by Ladd et al. [reported in Science in 1967] reached basalt 152m below Sand Island.) Within the reef are two islands; Sand Island was extensively modified starting in 1856 when reefs were blasted to create a port. Midway was an important stopover on transpacific voyages, and saw regular commercial ship and seaplane traffic. During the U.S. Navy's occupation of the atoll beginning in the 1940s, Sand Island and Eastern Island were extensively modified to create airstrips and widen the southern shipping channel. The atoll and banks include 223 sq. km area with of depths less than 100 m. The area is now the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge which is under jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Cruises CoRIS Metadata Record Names TC0207 cred_toad_midway_2002 OES0306 cred_toad_midway_2003 HI0401 cred_toad_midway_2004 Resource Description: Digital video images that are geo-referenced to navigation files. 2002 2004 ground condition Complete As needed -177.41977 -177.38267 28.28858 28.25578 CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Map Images > Habitats ISO 19115 Topic Category environment 007 biota 002 None Synthesis Map TC0207 OES0306 HI0401 CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001) None Northwestern Hawaiian Islands CoRIS Region NWHI None Please acknowledge the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center as the source of this information. Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) John Rooney mailing and physical address

1125B Ala Moana Blvd.

Honolulu HI 96814 (808) 983-3776 (808) 983-2902 pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu e-mail preferred http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/NWHI_images/mid_toad_445px.jpg This map displays optical validation observation locations and percent coverage of scleractinian coral overlaid on bathymetry. JPEG Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), NOAA Not applicable Unclassified Not applicable Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) John Rooney mailing and physical address

1125B Ala Moana Blvd.

Honolulu HI 96814 (808) 983-3776 (808) 983-2902 pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu e-mail preferred Downloadable Data These data are not to be used for navigational purposes. NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. JPEG http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_nwhi_mid_optical.htm ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/nwhi/optical/midway/mid_toad.jpg None 20121217 Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) CRED Data Management Team mailing and physical address

1125B Ala Moana Blvd.

Honolulu HI 96814 (808) 983-3776 (808) 983-2902 pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu e-mail preferred FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 20070621031905 None 20020101 20041231 http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_toad_map_midway_atoll_2002-2004.html 1873