NOAA Coral Reef Watch 20000101 One Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch Program http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/samo0map.htm http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/dhw.pac.gif http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/coral_bleaching_indices.html The Tropical Ocean Coral Bleaching Indices web page provides coral bleaching related thermal stress information extracted from Coral Reef Watch's twice-weekly near-real-time 50-km satellite nighttime AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) and derived coral bleaching HotSpots and Degree Heating Weeks (DHWs) datasets for 24 selected reef sites. The satellite data are extracted from the 50 km satellite pixels nearest to the 24 selected reef sites. The data at these satellite pixels are assumed to best represent the conditions at the corresponding reef sites. On the page, the following information is provided for Fagatele Bay, American Samoa, one of the 24 sites: reef site name, current thermal stress level, current DHW value, the historical maximum DHW value at the location since 1985 and the year of the occurrence, current AVHRR nighttime SST value, and the Maximum Monthly Mean sea surface temperature climatology value. All the reef names are linked to corresponding maps showing the latitude-longitudes and locations of the pixels and their associated reef sites. Links to other useful information are also provided on the map pages. Five thermal stress levels are defined by Coral Reef Watch to scale the intensity of thermal stress, from no-stress, bleaching watch, bleaching warning, to bleaching alert level 1 and 2. These levels are defined in terms of the HotSpot and DHW values (see http://coralreefwatch-satops.noaa.gov/SBA.html). When thermal stress is present at a reef site, i.e., current SST exceeds the Maximum Monthly Mean SST Climatology at the site, a triangular warning icon is added to that reef site and the status text is displayed in red color. A Bleaching Warning is issued when the current SST reaches 1 degree Celsius over the maximum monthly mean SST climatology. At this point, DHWs begin accumulating and a larger triangular icon is displayed. An accumulation of 4 DHWs triggers a Bleaching Alert Level 1 and the status is displayed in bold red text. An accumulation of 8 DHWs triggers a Bleaching Alert Level 2. See http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov for more information. Satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) are used to generate AVHRR-SST. The most recent AVHRR data obtained from the POES that is presently in operational mode are processed to generate the near-real-time SST data used to create the coral bleaching HotSpots and DHWs. The SST data, coral bleaching HotSpots, DHWs and DHW chart are produced twice-weekly on every Tuesday (using AVHRR data from the previous Saturday through Monday) and on every Saturday (using AVHRR data from the previous Tuesday through Friday). NOAA's Coral Reef Watch (CRW) initiative seeks to fully utilize space-based sea surface temperature (SST) observations combined with in-situ data to continually monitor for early indications of thermally- induced coral reef bleaching worldwide. As part of CRW, the NOAA/NESDIS Coral Reef Monitoring Program developed a suite of products including two-dimensional global SST, SST Anomaly, coral bleaching HotSpots as well as coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks as indices of coral reef bleaching related thermal stress. To provide more focused services to local reef communities and scientists, the NESDIS Coral Reef Monitoring Program developed this twice-weekly satellite near real-time "Tropical Ocean Coral Bleaching Indices" Web page as well as SST time series to deliver collective thermal stress information for selected reef sites. Through this Indices Web page, NOAA/NESDIS provides actual SST, HotSpot, and DHW numerical data for coral bleaching monitoring and assessment. The graphic displays of the SST, SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpots, Degree Heating Weeks, and SST time series are available online at the following URLs. http://www.coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/key_sst_50km_field.html http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/icg/faga0sst.htm http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/icg/faga0hot.htm http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/icg/faga0dhw.htm http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/sstdhwsba_series_24reefs.html 20000101 present publication date Complete none planned -170.77 -170.77 -14.4 -14.4 CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Map Images > Sea Surface Temperature none NOAA CoRIS Coral Reef Watch POES Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite chart oceanography accumulation monitoring assessment remote sensing satellite image map AVHRR SST sea surface sea surface temperature temperature HotSpot coral bleaching HotSpot Degree Heating Weeks thermal stress stress ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans 014 CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Tutuila Island > Fagatele Bay (14S170W0002) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > Tutuila Island > Fagatele Bay (14S170W0002) none globe Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Central Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean USA Fagatele Bay Tutuila Island American Samoa none real time near real time present current none Not intended for legal use. Remotely Sensed data may contain inaccuracies due to clouded or mixed pixels. NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) AVHRR-SST values are accurate to within 0.5 degrees C and adjusted by in-situ information (buoys) to best-approximate SST at a depth of 1 meter. However, to provide a complete global coverage, estimation of SSTs at all pixels that are cloud covered may occasionally reduce the accuracy of SST at these pixels. The accuracy of the DHW depends on both SST and the SST climatology used for deriving DHW. No estimation on the accuracy of DHW has been done yet. none Selected references: 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperture is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 4) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. Users are referred to the following guide on AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. none NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS 20000101 one data file Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch Program data file 20000101 present publication date NOAA CRW Near-Real-Time 50 km Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs (Fagatele Bay, American Samoa) Some information in the product is extracted from this source. NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS 20000101 one digital data file Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch digital data file 20000101 present publication date NOAA CRW Near-Real-Time 50 km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks (Fagatele Bay, American Samoa) Some information in the product is extracted from this source. The Indices Web page displays thermal stress parameters extracted from NOAA twice-weekly satellite 50km near real-time nighttime sea surface temperatures and derived HotSpots and Degree Heating Weeks datasets for the geographic locations of the satellite observations nearest the selected reef sites. The following references may be helpful to describe the data processing for the corresponding products. 1) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html 2) Toscano, M. A., A. E. Strong, I. C. Guch, 1999: New Analyses for Ocean HotSpots and Coral Reef Bleaching. Reef Encounter, 26, 31. 3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda, available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html 4) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperture is described in the following user's guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. NOAA Satellite Near Real-Time Nighttime AVHRR SSTs (Fagatele Bay, American Samoa) NOAA Satellite Near Real-Time Coral Bleaching HotSpots (Fagatele Bay, American Samoa) NOAA Satellite Near Real-Time Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks (Fagatele Bay, American Samoa) 20000101 NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov location name NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. HTML format Current NOAA Coral Reef Watch Tropical Ocean Coral Bleaching Indices 0.039 http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/coral_bleaching_indices.html http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/dhw.pac.gif CD-ROM none The product in HTML format may be downloaded from the Web site or obtained from the distributor. none The product in HTML format may be downloaded from the Web site or obtained from the distributor. 20080812 NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 20060522012851 None 20000101 99991231 http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/txt/avhrr_cur_bleaching_indices_american_samoa_ofu.txt 1305