Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Cole, J.E. Originator: Dunbar, R.B. Originator: McClanahan, T.R. Publication_Date: 200007 Title: Malindi, Kenya Stable Isotope Data (delta 18O, delta 13C) for 1801-1994 Series_Information: Series_name: World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series Issue_Identification: 2000-050 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Boulder Publisher: World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder Description: Abstract: Malindi annual oxygen isotopic composition, 1801-1994. Notes on the data: File includes columns for Year AD, Coral d18O, and SST (degrees C). The SST data are sparse as they were screened using the procedures described below. The coral used in this study grew (and still does grow) in Malindi Marine Park, Kenya (3 degrees S, 40 degrees E). The colony lies at a depth of ~6m (low tide) and is about 4m in height. Annual growth rates are roughly 12mm/yr. Oxygen isotopic data are from annual increments of coral skeleton that were cut according to annual density bands that are clearly visible in the core. Annual chunks were crushed and homogenized; isotopic values represent the average of duplicate or triplicate samples. Because samples were taken with respect to visible annual density banding, there is no depth scale for this record. Density and fluorescent banding can be viewed at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/outreach/coral/image/malindix-ray.jpg (Core Mal 96-1 is taken from the same colony as the core used to generate this dataset.) Annual density banding is unambiguous in this core, so annual assignments are precise. The annual samples represent a year that is roughly November thru October. (The year assigned is the year of the January, not the year of the November, that is included in that interval). However, if cuts were not precisely along the October-November boundary, small (1-2 month) offsets in the months assigned to an annual sample may have occurred. Stable isotope samples were analyzed on three isotope ratio mass spectrometers: a VG 602 with SIRA-series electronics at Rice University, a VG-SIRA with automated carbonate preparation device, and a Micromass Optima with automated carbonate preparation device, the latter two at the University of Colorado/Boulder (INSTAAR). Each measurement has an analytical uncertainty of 0.08 degrees; the differences between duplicate samples were above 0.18 degrees in only 2 of 195 cases, confirming inter-lab and inter-instrument calibrations. We calibrate the coral d18O to the enhanced COADS SST from 3 degrees S, 41 degrees E, which has a broader screening tolerance than the standard COADS (4.5 sigma vs. 3.5 sigma) to capture larger anomalies. COADS enhanced data are provided by the NOAA-CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado, from their web site at http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/. We use annual SST data representing a Nov.-Oct. year and include only years that contain at least three observations from every month; this procedure yields a slope of 0.256 degrees per 1 degree C and explains 47% of the SST variance. The details of the calibration procedure have little effect on the paleotemperature slope: using the standard SST product instead of the enhanced yields a slope of -0.228; omitting the minimum requirement of three observations per month yields a slope of 0.262 for the enhanced COADS and 0.252 for the standard. These correlations are all significant at >99.9%. Purpose: Paleoclimatic Research Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 1801 Ending_Date: 1994 Currentness_Reference: Publication Date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 39.95 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.183 North_Bounding_Coordinate: -3.233 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -3.417 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > Delta 18O Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > Temperature Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > Density Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Paleoclimate > Coral Records > Fluorescence Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Paleoclimatology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme_Keyword: 004 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean > Malindi (03S040E0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Kenya > Kilifi > Malindi (03S040E0001) Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Temporal Thesaurus Temporal_Keyword: Holocene, Modern Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: PLEASE CITE CONTRIBUTORS WHEN USING THIS DATA Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/outreach/coral/image/malindix-raylarge.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Density banding Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/outreach/coral/image/kenyauv-crossdatinglarge.gif Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Fluorecent banding Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF Data_Set_Credit: Cole, J. E., R. B. Dunbar, T. R. McClanahan, and N. Muthiga, 2000, Tropical Pacific forcing of decadal variability in the western Indian Ocean over the past two centuries, Science 287, 617-619. Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: coral variable Entity_Type_Definition: coral variable Entity_Type_Definition_Source: coral variable Attribute: Attribute_Label: del18O Attribute_Definition: delta 18O (per mil) Attribute_Definition_Source: Craig, H., 1957. Isotopic standards for mass spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide. Geochimica Cosmochimica Acta, 12:113-140 Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: unknown Range_Domain_Maximum: unknown Attribute_Units_of_Measure: per mil Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.01 Attribute: Attribute_Label: SST Attribute_Definition: Sea Surface Temperature Attribute_Definition_Source: unknown Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: unknown Range_Domain_Maximum: unknown Attribute_Units_of_Measure: degree C Attribute_Measurement_Resolution: 0.1 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Contact_Position: Data Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address Address: 325 Broadway, Code E/CC23 City: Boulder State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80305-3328 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 497-6280 Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: (303) 497-6958 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 497-6513 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: paleo@noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 9-5 MST Monday-Friday Resource_Description: Other Documents Distribution_Liability: Disclaimer- While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/malindi_2000.txt Access_Instructions: Data can be obtained from http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo and via anonymous ftp to ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov. Diskette and paper copies may be obtained by mail. Offline_Option: Offline_Media: Diskette Recording_Format: cpio Fees: On-line data are available free of charge, other forms are available for the cost of reproduction Ordering_Instructions: Contact the Data Center to order paper copies of data Turnaround: 4 days Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20110331 Metadata_Review_Date: 20110331 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Paleoclimatology Program Contact_Position: Data Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing Address Address: 325 Broadway, Code E/CC23 City: Boulder State_or_Province: Colorado Postal_Code: 80305-3328 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: (303) 497-6280 Contact_TDD/TTY_Telephone: (303) 497-6958 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (303) 497-6513 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: paleo@noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 9-5 MST Monday-Friday Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Access_Constraints: No Constraints Metadata_Use_Constraints: No Constraints CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20020325082855 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 18010101 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 19941231 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/paleoclimatology_malindi_2000.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 56