Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Publication_Date: 20061018 Title: 2005 Oahu/Maui Lidar Mapping Project Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Model Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Charleston, SC Publisher: NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center (CSC) Online_Linkage: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/ldart Description: Abstract: LIDAR data is remotely sensed high-resolution elevation data collected by an airborne collection platform. Using a combination of laser rangefinding, GPS positioning and inertial measurement technologies; LIDAR instruments are able to make highly detailed Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the earth's terrain, man-made structures and vegetation. This data was collected over a portion of Maui and Oahu, Hawaii with a Leica ALS-40 Aerial Lidar Sensor. Multiple returns were recorded for each pulse in addition to an intensity value. Purpose: The purpose of this mapping project is to create and deliver digital terrain models (DTM), to support the environmental, social, and economic well being of the coast by linking people, information, and technology. The data will support the local Coastal Zone Managers in their decision-making processes. Supplemental_Information: The 2003-2005 Hawaii Lidar Data Validation Report may be viewed at: Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20050220 Ending_Date: 20050324 Currentness_Reference: Ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Unknown Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -158.138 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.565 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.400 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.769 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: 006 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information > LiDAR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Land Surface > Topography> Terrain Elevation Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: EDI Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry/Topography Theme_Keyword: Digital Terrain Model Theme_Keyword: DTM Theme_Keyword: Lidar Point Cloud Theme_Keyword: Lidar Theme_Keyword: DEM Theme_Keyword: Digital Elevation Model Theme_Keyword: Elevation and derived products Theme_Keyword: Elevation model Theme_Keyword: LIDAR Theme_Keyword: Surface model Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: Geographic Names Information System Place_Keyword: US Place_Keyword: Hawaii Place_Keyword: Maui Place_Keyword: Oahu Place_Keyword: Honolulu Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region Place_Keyword: MHI Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Users should be aware that temporal changes may have occurred since this data set was collected and some parts of this data may no longer represent actual surface conditions. Users should not use this data for critical applications without a full awareness of its limitations. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Contact_Position: CEM Project Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue City: Charleston State_or_Province: South Carolina Postal_Code: 29405 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tcm@csc.noaa.gov Data_Set_Credit: n/a Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: 1. Lidar data was collected and processed in accordance with FEMA guidance as published in Appendix A, February, 2002. 2. Lidar data at the interface between the land and ocean was collected (when possible) during periods when tides were predicted to be below mean lower low water based upon NOAA CO-OPS tide predictions for the nearest tidal station. 3. Lidar data accuracy is in accordance with the National Standard for Spatial Accuracy (NSSDA). When compared to 63 GPS static survey points in open non-vegetated areas, at least 95% of the positions have an error less than or equal to 31.8 cm (equivalent to root mean square error of 16.2 cm). Logical_Consistency_Report: Compliance with the accuracy standard was ensured by the placement of GPS ground control prior to the acquisition of lidar data. The following checks were performed. 1. The ground control and airborne GPS data stream were validated through a fully analytical boresight adjustment. 2. The DTM (Digital Terrain Model) data were checked against the project control. 3. Lidar elevation data was validated through an inspection of edge matching and visual inspection for quality (artifact removal). Completeness_Report: 1. EarthData's proprietary software, Checkedb, for verification against ground survey points. 2. Terrascan, for verification of automated and manual editing and final QC of products. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The lidar data fully comply with FEMA guidance as published in Appendix A, February, 2002. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The lidar data fully comply with FEMA guidance as published in Appendix A, February, 2002 and National Standard for Spatial Accuracy (NSSDA). When compared to 63 GPS static survey points in open non-vegetated areas, at least 95% of the positions have an error less than or equal to 31.8 cm (equivalent to root mean square error of 16.2 cm). Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kevin J. Chappell Publication_Date: 20031105 Title: Report of Survey - Oahu, Hawaii Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Diagram Type_of_Source_Media: Electronic mail system Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20031104 Ending_Date: 20031105 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ground Control Source_Contribution: Kevin Chappell, of Terrasurv and under contract to EarthData International established 30 ground control points along the coastline of the island of Oahu and within a blocked area around Honolulu where the 2005 flight was flown. The points were surveyed using GPS for both vertical and horizontal coordinate values. The horizontal datum used was the North American Datum of 1983(Pacific Plate Fixed Realization, epoch 2002.0). The vertical datum used was a Local Tidal Datum. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: EarthData Aviation, LLC Publication_Date: 20050313 Title: Aerial Lidar Acquisition over Oahu, HI Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Model Type_of_Source_Media: Firewire Drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20050220 Ending_Date: 20050313 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Lidar Acquisition Source_Contribution: EarthData Aviation was contracted by EarthData International to collect ALS-40 Lidar data over the coastal area of Oahu, Hawaii. The project site was flown on February 20 and March 2, 3, 6, 12, 13 using its aircraft with tail number N806CP. Lidar data was captured using an ALS-40 Lidar system, including an inertial measuring unit (IMU) and a dual frequency GPS receiver. Lidar was obtained at an altitude of 762meters (2,500 feet) above mean terrain, at an average airspeed of 130 knots. Sensor pulse rate was set at 20,000 Hz with a field of view of 25 degrees and a scan rate of 17 Hz. Average swath width of the collected raw lines is 338 meters. Point spacing was 2 meters. Lidar data was recorded in conjunction with airborne GPS and IMU; the stationary GPS receiver was positioned over a control point located at the airport. Recorded digital data was shipped via external hard drive to the production facility for processing. During airborne data collection, an additional GPS receiver was in constant operation over a published National Geodetic Survey (NGS) control point at Honolulu Airport. The coordinate value for temporary control point "PHNL" was determined by a network adjustment to CORS stations EHN1 and HNLC, both of which were tied to the project control network. During the data acquisition, the receivers collected phase data at an epoch rate of 1 Hz. All GPS phase data was post processed with continuous kinematic survey techniques using "On the Fly" (OTF) integer ambiguity resolution. The GPS data was processed with forward and reverse processing algorithms. An adjustment was made to the ellipsoid height of the published point by Terrasurv to reflect Local Tidal Elevation. The results from each process, using the data collected at the airport, were combined to yield a single fixed integer phase differential solution of the aircraft trajectory. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kevin J. Chappell Publication_Date: 20031106 Title: Report of Survey - Maui, Hawaii Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Diagram Type_of_Source_Media: Electronic mail system Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 20031106 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Ground Control Source_Contribution: Kevin Chappell, of Terrasurv and under contract to EarthData International established 6 ground control points. The points were surveyed using GPS for both vertical and horizontal coordinate values. The horizontal datum used was the North American Datum of 1983 (Pacific Plate Fixed Realization, epoch 2002.0). The vertical datum used was a Local Tidal Datum. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: EarthData Aviation, LLC Publication_Date: 20050324 Title: Aerial Lidar Acquisition over Maui, HI Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Model Type_of_Source_Media: Firewire Drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20050316 Ending_Date: 20050324 Source_Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Aerial Lidar Acquisition Source_Contribution: EarthData Aviation was contracted by EarthData International to collect ALS-40 Lidar data over the west coast of Maui, Hawaii. The project site was flown on March 16th and 24th of 2005, using aircraft N806CP. Lidar data was captured using an ALS-40 Lidar system, including an inertial measuring unit (IMU) and a dual frequency GPS receiver. Lidar was obtained at an altitude of 762 meters (2,500 feet) above mean terrain, at an average airspeed of 130 knots. Sensor pulse rate was set at 20,000 Hz with a field of view of 25 degrees and a rate of 17 Hz. Average swath width of the collected raw lines is 337 meters. Lidar data was recorded in conjunction with airborne GPS and IMU; the stationary GPS receiver was positioned over a control point located at the airport. Recorded digital data was shipped via external hard drive to the production facility for processing. During airborne data collection, an additional GPS receiver was in constant operation over a published National Geodetic Survey (NGS) control point at Kahului Airport. The control point with designation OGG ARP 2 and PID AA3608, is "A" Order horizontal with Third Order Class II ellipsoid height. During the data acquisition, the receivers collected phase data at an epoch rate of 1 Hz. All GPS phase data was post processed with continuous kinematic survey techniques using "On the Fly" (OTF) integer ambiguity resolution. The GPS data was processed with forward and reverse processing algorithms. An adjustment was made to the ellipsoid height of the published point by Terrasurv to reflect Local Tidal Elevation. The results from each process, using the data collected at the airport, were combined to yield a single fixed integer phase differential solution of the aircraft trajectory. Process_Step: Process_Description: EarthData has developed a unique method for processing lidar data to identify and remove elevation points falling on vegetation, buildings, and other aboveground structures. The algorithms for filtering data were utilized within EarthData's proprietary software and commercial software written by TerraSolid. This software suite of tools provides efficient processing for small to large-scale, projects and has been incorporated into ISO 9001 compliant production work flows. The following is a step-by-step breakdown of the process. 1. Using the lidar data set provided by EarthData, the technician performs calibrations on the data set. 2. Using the lidar data set provided by EarthData, the technician performed a visual inspection of the data to verify that the flight lines overlap correctly. The technician also verified that there were no voids, and that the data covered the project limits. The technician then selected a series of areas from the data set and inspected them where adjacent flight lines overlapped. These overlapping areas were merged and a process which utilizes 3-D Analyst and EarthData's proprietary software was run to detect and color code the differences in elevation values and profiles. The technician reviewed these plots and located the areas that contained systematic errors or distortions that were introduced by the lidar sensor. 3. Systematic distortions highlighted in step 2 were removed and the data was re-inspected. Corrections and adjustments can involve the application of angular deflection or compensation for curvature of the ground surface that can be introduced by crossing from one type of land cover to another. 4. The lidar data for each flight line was trimmed in batch for the removal of the overlap areas between flight lines. The data was checked against a control network to ensure that vertical requirements were maintained. Conversion to the client-specified datum and projections were then completed. The lidar flight line data sets were then segmented into adjoining tiles for batch processing and data management. 5. The initial batch-processing run removed 95% of points falling on vegetation. The algorithm also removed the points that fell on the edge of hard features such as structures, elevated roadways and bridges. 6. The operator interactively processed the data using lidar editing tools. During this final phase the operator generated a TIN based on a desired thematic layer to evaluate the automated classification performed in step 5. This allowed the operator to quickly re-classify points from one layer to another and recreate the TIN surface to see the effects of edits. Geo-referenced images were toggled on or off to aid the operator in identifying problem areas. The data was also examined with an automated profiling tool to aid the operator in the reclassification. 7. The final DEM was written to an ESRI grid format (.flt). 8. The point cloud data were also delivered in LAS format. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Lidar Process_Date: 20050902 Source_Produced_Citation_Abbreviation: Lidar Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: EarthData International Contact_Person: Harold Rempel Contact_Position: Senior Project Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: 7320 Executive Way City: Frederick State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 21704 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-948-8550 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: metadata@earthdata.com Process_Step: Process_Description: The NOAA Coastal Services Center (CSC) received LAS files containing the point cloud elevation data from Earth Data, Inc. CSC performed the following processing on the data to make it available within the Lidar Data Retrieval Tool (LDART): 1. Variable length header records were added to the LAS files to identify projection, datum and sort order. 2. The LAS files were sorted by latitude. Process_Date: 20050927 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Contact_Position: CEM Project Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue City: Charleston State_or_Province: South Carolina Postal_Code: 29405 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tcm@csc.noaa.gov Process_Step: Process_Description: For data management purposes, the Coastal Services Center converted the data from NAVD88 elevations to ellipsoid elevations using Geoid 99. Process_Date: 200802 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Contact_Position: CEM Project Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue City: Charleston State_or_Province: South Carolina Postal_Code: 29405 Country: United States Contact_Voice_Telephone: (843) 740-1200 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tcm@csc.noaa.gov Cloud_Cover: 0 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Point Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.000000000837377758064055 Longitude_Resolution: 0.00000000078217558390266 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257 Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: Altitude_System_Definition: Altitude_Datum_Name: Ellipsoid Altitude_Resolution: 0.01 Altitude_Distance_Units: Meters Altitude_Encoding_Method: Explicit Elevation Coordinate Included with Horizontal Coordinates Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Contact_Position: CEM Project Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue City: Charleston State_or_Province: SC Postal_Code: 29405-2413 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843-740-1200 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tcm@csc.noaa.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: Any conclusions drawn from analysis of this information are not the responsibility of NOAA or the Coastal Services Center or its partners. Custom_Order_Process: This data can be obtained on-line at the following URL: http://www.csc.noaa.gov/digitalcoast/data/coastallidar/index.html Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20121208 Metadata_Review_Date: 20100216 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Coastal Services Center (CSC) Contact_Position: CEM Project Scientist Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: 2234 South Hobson Avenue City: Charleston State_or_Province: SC Postal_Code: 29405-2413 Contact_Voice_Telephone: 843-740-1200 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: tcm@csc.noaa.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20100216075709 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20050220 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20050324 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/hi2005_template.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 4469