Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Publication_Date: 20000101 Title: Coral Bleaching Indices for Heron Island, Australia from NOAA Coral Reef Watch Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Satellite Tropical Ocean Data Edition: One Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Online_Linkage: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/coral_bleaching_indices.html Online_Linkage: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/hero0map.htm Online_Linkage: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/dhw.pac.gif Description: Abstract: The Tropical Ocean Coral Bleaching Indices web page provides coral bleaching related thermal stress information extracted from Coral Reef Watch's twice-weekly near-real-time 50-km satellite nighttime AVHRR sea surface temperature (SST) and derived coral bleaching HotSpots and Degree Heating Weeks (DHWs) datasets for 24 selected reef sites. The satellite data are extracted from the 50 km satellite pixels nearest to the 24 selected reef sites. The data at these satellite pixels are assumed to best represent the conditions at the corresponding reef sites. On the page, the following information is provided for Heron Island, Australia, one of the 24 sites: reef site name, current thermal stress level, current DHW value, the historical maximum DHW value at the location since 1985 and the year of the occurrence, current AVHRR nighttime SST value, and the Maximum Monthly Mean sea surface temperature climatology value. All the reef names are linked to corresponding maps showing the latitude-longitudes and locations of the pixels and their associated reef sites. Links to other useful information are also provided on the map pages. Five thermal stress levels are defined by Coral Reef Watch to scale the intensity of thermal stress, from no-stress, bleaching watch, bleaching warning, to bleaching alert level 1 and 2. These levels are defined in terms of the HotSpot and DHW values (see http://coralreefwatch-satops.noaa.gov/SBA.html). When thermal stress is present at a reef site, i.e., current SST exceeds the Maximum Monthly Mean SST Climatology at the site, a triangular warning icon is added to that reef site and the status text is displayed in red color. A Bleaching Warning is issued when the current SST reaches 1 degree Celsius over the maximum monthly mean SST climatology. At this point, DHWs begin accumulating and a larger triangular icon is displayed. An accumulation of 4 DHWs triggers a Bleaching Alert Level 1 and the status is displayed in bold red text. An accumulation of 8 DHWs triggers a Bleaching Alert Level 2. See http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov for more information. Satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) are used to generate AVHRR-SST. The most recent AVHRR data obtained from the POES that is presently in operational mode are processed to generate the near-real-time SST data used to create the coral bleaching HotSpots and DHWs. The SST data, coral bleaching HotSpots, DHWs and DHW chart are produced twice-weekly on every Tuesday (using AVHRR data from the previous Saturday through Monday) and on every Saturday (using AVHRR data from the previous Tuesday through Friday). Purpose: NOAA's Coral Reef Watch (CRW) initiative seeks to fully utilize space-based sea surface temperature (SST) observations combined with in-situ data to continually monitor for early indications of thermally- induced coral reef bleaching worldwide. As part of CRW, the NOAA/NESDIS Coral Reef Monitoring Program developed a suite of products including two-dimensional global SST, SST Anomaly, coral bleaching HotSpots as well as coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks as indices of coral reef bleaching related thermal stress. To provide more focused services to local reef communities and scientists, the NESDIS Coral Reef Monitoring Program developed this twice-weekly satellite near real-time "Tropical Ocean Coral Bleaching Indices" Web page as well as SST time series to deliver collective thermal stress information for selected reef sites. Through this Indices web page, NOAA/NESDIS provides actual SST, HotSpot, and DHW numerical data for coral bleaching monitoring and assessment. Supplemental_Information: The graphic displays of the SST, SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpots, Degree Heating Weeks, and SST time series are available online at the following URLs. http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/key_sst_50km_field.html http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/icg/hero0sst.htm http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/icg/hero0hot.htm http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/icg/hero0dhw.htm http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/sst_series_24reefs.html Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000101 Ending_Date: present Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: In Work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Potentially twice-weekly based upon sea surface temperature observations. Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 152.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 152.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: -23.5 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -23.5 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Map Images > Sea Surface Temperature Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: CoRIS Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef Watch Theme_Keyword: POES Theme_Keyword: Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite Theme_Keyword: chart Theme_Keyword: oceanography Theme_Keyword: accumulation Theme_Keyword: monitoring Theme_Keyword: assessment Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: satellite Theme_Keyword: image Theme_Keyword: map Theme_Keyword: AVHRR Theme_Keyword: SST Theme_Keyword: sea surface Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature Theme_Keyword: temperature Theme_Keyword: HotSpot Theme_Keyword: coral bleaching HotSpot Theme_Keyword: Degree Heating Weeks Theme_Keyword: thermal stress Theme_Keyword: stress Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Coral Sea > Great Barrier Reef > Capricorn Group > Heron Island Reef (23S151E0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Australia > Queensland > Mackay / Capricorn Section > Heron Island Reef (23S151E0001) Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: globe Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: South Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Great Barrier Reef Place_Keyword: Australia Place_Keyword: Heron Island Reef Place_Keyword: Heron Island Place_Keyword: Coral Sea Place_Keyword: Queensland Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: real time Temporal_Keyword: near real time Temporal_Keyword: present Temporal_Keyword: current Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Not intended for legal use. Remotely Sensed data may contain inaccuracies due to clouded or mixed pixels. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) AVHRR-SST values are accurate to within 0.5 degrees C and adjusted by in-situ information (buoys) to best-approximate SST at a depth of 1 meter. However, to provide a complete global coverage, estimation of SSTs at all pixels that are cloud covered may occasionally reduce the accuracy of SST at these pixels. The accuracy of the DHW depends on both SST and the SST climatology used for deriving DHW. No estimation on the accuracy of DHW has been done yet. Logical_Consistency_Report: none Completeness_Report: Selected references: 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 4) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Users are referred to the following guide on AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: none Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS Publication_Date: 20000101 Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Twice-weekly Near-Real-Time 50 km Satellite Nighttime Sea Surface Temperatures (Heron Island, Australia) Edition: one Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Type_of_Source_Media: digital data file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000101 Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA CRW Near-Real-Time 50 km Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs (Heron Island, Australia) Source_Contribution: Some information in the product is extracted from this source. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS Publication_Date: 20000101 Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time 50 km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks (Heron Island, Australia) Edition: one Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data file Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Type_of_Source_Media: digital data file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000101 Ending_Date: present Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA CRW Near-Real-Time 50 km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks (Heron Island, Australia) Source_Contribution: Some information in the product is extracted from this source. Process_Step: Process_Description: The Indices Web page provides thermal stress information extracted from NOAA twice-weekly near-real-time 50 km satellite nighttime sea surface temperatures and derived HotSpots and Degree Heating Weeks datasets for the geographic locations of the satellite observations nearest the selected reef sites. The following references may be helpful to describe the data processing for the corresponding products. 1) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html 2) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 3) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006 4) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperture is described in the following user's guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Near-Real-Time Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs (Heron Island, Australia) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Near-Real-Time Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots (Heron Island, Australia) Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Near-Real-Time Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks (Heron Island, Australia) Process_Date: 20000101 Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA_Coral_Reef_Watch Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Indirect_Spatial_Reference: location name Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: HTML format or GIF image Format_Information_Content: Current NOAA Coral Reef Watch Tropical Ocean Coral Bleaching Indices Transfer_Size: 0.039 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/coral_bleaching_indices.html Network_Resource_Name: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/CB_indices/dhw.pac.gif Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Format: none Fees: none Ordering_Instructions: The product in HTML format may be downloaded from the Web site or obtained from the distributor. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20080812 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20910-3226 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20060522022458 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20000101 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 99991231 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: http://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/txt/avhrr_cur_bleaching_indices_heron_island.txt CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 1314