NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50-km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks Product

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Frequently anticipated questions:

What does this data set describe?

Title:
NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50-km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks Product
Abstract:
The NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW) satellite coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) product is part of the CRW operational near-real-time global 50-km satellite coral bleaching thermal stress monitoring product suite. This product suite was initially implemented in 2000 and continues to provide updated monitoring information twice-weekly. This metadata file provides information on the DHW product for both the most recent near-real-time updates and the archived DHW product dating back to 2000. The DHW product measures accumulation of bleaching thermal stress that coral reefs experience over a period of 12 consecutive weeks (about 3 months), ending on the day indicated in the product. It is derived from the Coral Bleaching HotSpots product (another key tool in the CRW operational product suite). A Coral Bleaching HotSpot is a specific type of sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly that measures the amount of SST exceeding a static coral bleaching threshold SST; it serves as a measure of instantaneous bleaching thermal stress and shows the occurrence, magnitude, and spatial distribution of the stress. All non-positive HotSpot values are recorded as zeros. The DHW value (again, a measurement of accumulated thermal stress) is, in its most simplistic form, the sum of all of the individual twice-weekly HotSpot values at any particular location, within a 12-week period and with a magnitude of at least 1 degree Celsius, multiplied by the duration of the twice-weekly HotSpot value (i.e., 0.5 weeks). A more complicated formula describing how the DHW value is calculated can be obtained at: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/methodology/methodology.html#dhw>. One DHW is equivalent to one week of SST at 1 degree Celsius above the threshold, or 0.5 weeks of SST at two degrees Celsius above the threshold. Near-real-time satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on some of NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) were used to generate AVHRR-SST that this CRW product suite is based on. Related details, as well as other important information, are provided in each DHW HDF data file. This product is available in various formats, including static image, animation, HDF data, and Google Earth and is delivered through multiple mechanisms, including websites, ftp, and OPeNDAP, along with time series data in text format at selected locations, known as CRW Satellite Virtual Stations. The DHW product, its detailed description, and its available data formats and delivery mechanisms are accessible at: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite>, along with general CRW product information and access to other CRW products.
Supplemental_Information:
The entire suite of products mentioned in this metadata file is accessible at: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite>
  1. How should this data set be cited?

    NOAA Coral Reef Watch program, 20000101, NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50-km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks Product: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.0
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 45.0
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: -45.0

  3. What does it look like?

    <http://www.ospo.noaa.gov/data/cb/dhw/dhw.current.gif> (GIF)
    This is the most recent image of NOAA CRW operational near-real-time twice-weekly global 50-km satellite coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks product.

  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

    Beginning_Date: 01-Jan-2000
    Ending_Date: Present
    Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition

  5. What is the general form of this data set?

    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form:
    Remote sensing image, animation, HDF data, ASCII, KML, Google Earth, webpage

  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?

    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:

      • Dimensions 331 x 720, type Grid Cell

    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.5. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.5. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees.

  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

    Grid Intersection
    There are 720 grid intersections in each row (at a pre-defined latitude) and 331 grid intersections in each column (at a pre-defined longitude). Each grid is 0.5 degree latitude by 0.5 degree longitude in size, centered at latitudes of from 80.0S northward to 85.0N and at longitudes of from 180W eastward to 179.5E. (Source: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/methodology/methodology.html>)

    Degree Heating Weeks HDF data files
    These are the original bleaching Degree Heating Weeks data. (Source: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/methodology/methodology.html>)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:10000
    Units:Degree Celsius-Weeks * 100

    Degree Heating Weeks image files in GIF and BMP format
    These are the image display of original Degree Heating Weeks data. (Source: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/methodology/methodology.html>)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:255
    Units:Index color values

    Degree Heating Weeks time series data in text format and PNG graphs for selected reef locations
    These are the time series data extracted from the original global Degree Heating Weeks data. (Source: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/methodology/methodology.html>)

    Range of values
    Minimum:0
    Maximum:100
    Units:Degree Celsius-Weeks

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)

  2. Who also contributed to the data set?

  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?

    NOAA Coral Reef Watch program
    Attn: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator
    NOAA, E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East-West Highway
    Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-3226
    USA

    301-713-2857 ext 109 (voice)
    301-713-3136 (FAX)
    coralreefwatch@noaa.gov

Why was the data set created?

The NOAA Coral Reef Watch program seeks to fully utilize space-based sea surface temperature (SST) observations combined with in-situ data to continually monitor for early indications of thermally-induced coral reef bleaching worldwide. A suite of monitoring and predicting products, including this satellite Degree Heating Weeks product, has been developed by CRW as a decision support system to provide critical and timely coral reef environment information to the U.S. and international coral reef communities.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

    NOAA CRW Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots Product (source 1 of 2)
    NOAA/NESDIS Coral Reef Watch program, 19970101, NOAA CRW Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50-km Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Type_of_Source_Media: data file
    Source_Contribution:
    The DHW products were derived from this Coral Bleaching HotSpots product.

    NOAA CRW Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Sea Surface Temperatures (source 2 of 2)
    NOAA/NESDIS Coral Reef Watch, 19970101, NOAA CRW Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50-km Satellite Nighttime Sea Surface Temperatures: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.

    Type_of_Source_Media: data file
    Source_Contribution:
    The Degree Heating Weeks and HotSpots products were derived from this SST product.

  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

    Date: Not Complete (process 1 of 1)
    A Degree Heating Week is calculated as the accumulation of Coral Bleaching HotSpots over 12 consecutive weeks. At each pixel, a coral bleaching threshold SST value is subtracted from the SST value to produce the Coral Bleaching HotSpot. See CRW web site at: <http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/index.html> and suggested references listed above for details.

    Person who carried out this activity:

    NOAA Coral Reef Watch program
    Attn: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator
    NOAA, E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East-West Highway
    Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-3226
    USA

    301-713-2857 ext 109 (voice)
    301-713-3136 (FAX)
    coralreefwatch@noaa.gov

    Data sources used in this process:
    • NOAA CRW Operational Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots Product
    • NOAA CRW Operational Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Product

  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?

    The accuracy of the Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) product depends on the accuracy of Coral Bleaching HotSpots, satellite SSTs, and bleaching threshold SSTs. A full evaluation and validation of CRWs HotSpots and DHW have not been completed yet. A preliminary evaluation revealed, however, that these products demonstrate remarkable success in detecting, monitoring, and predicting all large spatial scale mass coral bleaching events. Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) AVHRR-SST values used for creating CRW 50-km SST analysis fields were accurate to within 0.5 degree Celsius and adjusted by in-situ buoy observations to best-approximate SST at the depth of one meter. However, when producing a complete, gap-filled SST analysis with global coverage, estimation of SST at the pixels covered by cloud may occasionally reduce the accuracy of SST at these pixels.

  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

    Users are referred to the following guide on AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature: Goodrum, G., K.B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at: <http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm>. To request additional information, contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov.

  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

    none

  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

    There is no spatial data gap existing in this data set. No change will be made to the original Degree Heating Weeks data, but occasional revisions to some images may occur if an inaccuracy is detected in the image display of the data. New near-real-time Degree Heating Weeks products will be continuously added into this data collection at scheduled routine data update times.

  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

    none

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: none
Use_Constraints:
Not intended for legal use. Data may contain inaccuracies due to cloud cover and/or other reasons.

  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)

    NOAA Coral Reef Watch program
    Attn: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator
    NOAA, E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East-West Highway
    Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-3226
    USA

    301-713-2857 ext 109 (voice)
    301-713-3136 (FAX)
    coralreefwatch@noaa.gov

  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

    Downloadable Data

  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

    NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

  4. How can I download or order the data?

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 20-Dec-2012
Last Reviewed: 03-Feb-2011
Metadata author:
NOAA Coral Reef Watch program
Attn: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator
NOAA, E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910-3226
USA

301-713-2857 ext 109 (voice)
301-713-3136 (FAX)
coralreefwatch@noaa.gov

Metadata standard:
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)

Generated by mp version 2.9.13 on Tue May 21 06:49:21 2013