CRED Reson 8101 multibeam backscatter data of Jarvis Island, Pacific Remote Island Areas, Central Pacific in GeoTIFF format

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How should this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How should this data set be cited?

   Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 20070701, CRED Reson 8101 multibeam backscatter data of Jarvis Island, Pacific Remote Island Areas, Central Pacific in GeoTIFF format.

   Online Links:

   • <http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_pria_jar_backscat.htm>

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.025

   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.957

   North_Bounding_Coordinate: -0.34

   South_Bounding_Coordinate: -0.4

3. What does it look like?

   <http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/PRIAs_images/jarvis-bs_440.jpg> (JPEG)

   Multibeam Backscatter, Acoustic Imagery

   <http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/PRIAs_images/jarvis-8101-bs_440.jpg> (JPEG)

   Multibeam Backscatter, Acoustic Imagery

4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 20-Mar-2006

   Ending_Date: 21-Mar-2006

   Currentness_Reference: ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?

      This is a Raster data set. It contains the following raster data types:

      • Dimensions 6520 x 7668 x 1, type Grid Cell

   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?

      Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator

      Universal_Transverse_Mercator:

      UTM_Zone_Number: -4

      Transverse_Mercator:

      Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996

      Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159

      Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0

      False_Easting: 500000

      False_Northing: 0

      Planar coordinates are encoded using Row and Column
      Abscissae (x-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
      Ordinates (y-coordinates) are specified to the nearest 1
      Planar coordinates are specified in meters

      The horizontal datum used is D_WGS_1984.
      The ellipsoid used is WGS_1984.
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.000000.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.257224.
      

      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

      Depth_System_Definition:

      Depth_Datum_Name: mean lower low water

      Depth_Resolution: 0.01

      Depth_Distance_Units: meters

      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute Values

7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   Sidescan data within a GSF file are arranged as small sequences of intensity values, one sequence per beam per ping. The intensity values represent the amplitude of echo returns to the sensor and can be related to seabed roughness.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA and JIMAR

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
   1125B Ala Moana Blvd.
   Honolulu, HI 96814
   

   (808) 983-3776 (voice)
   (808) 983-2902 (FAX)
   pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
   

   Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

Why was the data set created?

The GeoTIFFs of backscatter imagery were created using data gathered from multibeam soundings for use as a planning and reference document. The data are also being used for benthic habitat mapping, for locating Essential Fish Habitat, and for studying geologic features of the area. Refer to supplemental information for description of instrument and survey.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: 21-Apr-2007 (process 1 of 1)

   Science Applications International Corporation's (SAIC) ISS-2000 acquires, processes and records data, provides survey control and underway quality control displays. SAIC's SABER processing software is used to process the raw soundings, analyze the results, manually edit the sounding data to remove outliers and derive average gridded data values. Additional data acquisition and processing information can be found in the metadata for cruise AHI0604. Hawaii Mapping Research Group (HMRG) processing software was then used to extract values of acoustic intensity from the soundings. HMRG is an organization of scientists, engineers and technicians whose mission is to design, build, and operate tools for mapping the seafloor. HMRG is a group within the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. The gsf2bs program (July, 2005) converts the swath bathymetry ping records contained within a GSF (Generic Sensor Format) version 2.02 dataset into bs file format. This is done as follows: (i) position each beam's bottom detect intensity sample at the across-track location of that beam's bathymetry value; (ii) assuming a flat bottom in the near neighborhood of the beam, compute across-track distances for all of the beam's remaining intensity samples based on their temporal relation to the bottom detect sample and the computed average sound velocity for that beam as derived from its range and travel time; (iii) after all of the intensity samples from all beams of a ping have been located in across-track distance, fill the gaps between them as necessary by comparing travel times of beams adjacent to the gap, assigning the position using the adjacent sample closest to nadir, and averaging the interpolated values that fall within a cell. The conversion described above is necessary in order to run HMRG backscatter processing operations on the data, such as filtering to remove noise, and to create netCDF grids, raster images and GeoTIFF's. For more information on the backscatter processing technique see <http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_documentation.htm>. Software_Used: SAIC ISS-2000 Acquisition Software, v 3.4 SAIC SABER Processing Software, v 3.3.15 Hawaii Mapping Research Group (HMRG) Processing Software GMT Generic Mapping Tools, v 4.1 MB System, v 5.0.7

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?

   Data are collected for resource management and research purposes and are tested for internal consistency; however, no effort is made to compare these data to external references or to other published data.

2. How accurate are the geographic locations?

   Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS) Horizontal position accuracy: 25 meters

3. How accurate are the heights or depths?

   1 m Range resolution of sonar ~1.25 cm Raw sounding resolution: Variable Vertical accuracy of gridded product: 1% of water depth

4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?

   Complete

5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?

   These data are believed to be logically consistent though no tests were performed

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Please acknowledge NOAA and the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) University of Hawaii as the sources of this information.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
   1125B Ala Moana Blvd.
   Honolulu, HI 96814
   

   (808) 983-3776 (voice)
   (808) 983-2902 (FAX)
   pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu
   

   Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?

   Downloadable Data

3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   These data are not to be used for navigational purposes. NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:

     TIFF is a format for storage, transfer, display, and printing of raster images. The TIFF file structure allows both the tag and the image data to be encoded into the same file. GeoTIFF refers to a TIFF file that has geographic data embedded as tags within the TIFF file. The geographic data can be used to position the image in the correct location and geometry on the screen of a geographic information display. Any GIS, CAD, Image Processing, Desktop Mapping and other types of systems using geographic images can read any GeoTiff file. More specifically, files of this type can be added to ArcInfo and ArcView 8.x or higher and may be viewed in the Table of Contents as a new raster layer. Image visualization software that does not use geography as a basis for image placement can view a GeoTIFF image as if there were no geographic information in the TIFF file. For example, GeoTIFF files can be viewed using Windows Picture and Fax viewer.The GeoTIFF format is public domain, non-proprietary. in format GeoTIFF, .tif

     Network links:

     <http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_pria_jar_backscat.htm>

   • Cost to order the data: None

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 20-Dec-2012
Last Reviewed: 05-May-2009

Metadata author:

Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
1125B Ala Moana Blvd.
Honolulu, HI 96814

(808) 983-3776 (voice)
(808) 983-2902 (FAX)
pibhmc@soest.hawaii.edu

Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)