NOAA Coral Reef Watch NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service 20060401 One remote sensing image and gridded data Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/index.html http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/ http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/data/current/current_all.hdf This file contains a suite of NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW)'s most recent operational global satellite coral bleaching thermal stress monitoring raw data at 50km resolution produced twice-weekly in near-real-time. This HDF raw data file contains sea surface temperature (SST), SST anomaly, HotSpot, and Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) data. Satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) are used to generate AVHRR-SST. The most recent AVHRR data obtained from the POES that is presently in operational mode are processed to generate the near-real-time SSTs. The SST anomaly is the difference of SST compared to daily SST climatology. The coral bleaching HotSpot is a special type of sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly and shows the difference of SST compared to a coral bleaching SST threshold climatology. Only the positive anomalies (potential thermal stress inducing coral bleaching) are highlighted. DHW is the accumulation of Coral Bleaching HotSpots over a period of 12 consecutive weeks. The DHW value at any particular location at any particular time is the summation of the product of HotSpot values which are at least 1 deg C above the bleaching threshold SST and their durations in weeks (in minimum 0.5 week for our twice-weekly DHW) over the most recent 12-week period. One DHW is equivalent to 1 week of SST at 1 deg C above the threshold or 0.5 week of SST at 2 deg C above the threshold, etc. This data file is in Hierarchical Data Format Release 4 (HDF4) that is a commonly used data format. The data file are produced twice-weekly on every Tuesday (using AVHRR data from the previous Saturday through Monday) and on every Saturday (using AVHRR data from the previous Tuesday through Friday). The twice-weekly near-real-time global 50km satellite coral bleaching thermal stress monitoring products were primarily developed for NOAA's Coral Reef Watch (CRW) for both monitoring and assessment of coral bleaching. The SST chart created from this SST data is accessible at http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/key_sst_50km_field.html The SST anomaly chart created from this SST anomaly data is accessible at http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html The coral bleaching HotSpot chart created from this HotSpot data is accessible at http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html The coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks chart created from this Degree Heating Weeks data is accessible at http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_retro.html 20010101 present ground condition Complete none planned -180.0 179.5 85.0 -80.0 CoRIS Theme Thesaurus EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature > Anomaly EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Bleaching HotSpot EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Degree Heating Week (DHW) EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing > Satellite (digital scans) > AVHRR CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Numeric Data Sets > Oceanography ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans 014 none NOAA CoRIS Coral Reef Watch POES Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite data oceanography physical oceanography biological oceanography marine ecosystem SST anomaly sea surface temperature anomaly HotSpot accumulation accumulation SST sea surface stress thermal stress temperature anomaly coral bleaching HotSpot monitoring assessment remote sensing satellite AVHRR sea surface temperature temperature temperature anomaly HotSpot Degree Heating Week DHW CoRIS Place Thesaurus OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands (09N168E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands (09N168E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Micronesia > Micronesia (07N150E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Carolines > Micronesia (07N150E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Mariana Archipelago > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Palau > Palau > Palau ( Belau ) (07N134E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Carolines > Palau ( Belau ) (07N134E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Wake Atoll > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu (28N178W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Navassa Island > Navassa Island > Navassa Island (18N075W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Navassa Island > Navassa Island > Navassa Island (18N075W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Texas > East Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Flower Garden Banks > East Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Lesser Antilles > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Baker Island (00N176W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Baker Island > Baker Island (00N176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Johnston Atoll > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Texas > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Flower Garden Banks > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002) OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Florida COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida none globe ocean global oceans none real time near real time present current none Not intended for legal use. Data may contain inaccuracies due to clouded or mixed pixels. NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/key_sst_50km_field.html The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata. GIF http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata. GIF http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata. GIF http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_retro.html The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata. GIF Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) AVHRR-SST values are accurate to within 0.5 degrees C and adjusted by in-situ information (buoys) to best-approximate SST at a depth of 1 meter. However, to provide a complete global coverage, estimation of SSTs at all pixels that are cloud covered may occasionally reduce the accuracy of SST at these pixels. The accuracy of the Degree Heating Weeks depends on the accuracy of Coral Bleaching HotSpots. No estimation on the HotSpots and SST anomalies has been done and only preliminary estimates exist for using DHWs to assess coral bleaching and mortality although they have demonstrated remarkable preliminary success in denoting most bleaching events. none Selected references: 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda, available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html 4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. Users are referred to the following guide on AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. none NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS 20000101 one data file Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch data file 20000101 present ground condition NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks A copy of the source data is contained in this data file. NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS 19970101 one data file Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch data file 19970101 present ground condition NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots A copy of the source data is contained in this data file. NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS 19970101 one data file Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch data file 20010101 present ground condition NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime SST Anomalies A copy of the source data is contained in this data file. NOAA Coral Reef Watch NOAA/NESDIS 19970101 one data file Suitland, Maryland, USA NOAA Coral Reef Watch data file 19970101 present ground condition NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs A copy of the source data is contained in this data file. At each pixel, climatological sea surface temperature value is subtracted from AVHRR sea surface temperature value to produce sea surface temperature anomaly. Coral bleaching sea surface temperature threshold climatological value is subtracted from AVHRR sea surface temperature value to produce coral bleaching HotSpot value. Degree Heating Weeks are calculated as the accumulation of coral bleaching HotSpots over the most recent 12 weeks. The global satellite sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature anomaly, coral bleaching HotSpots, and coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks are then stored in HDF format. Some references are listed below. 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda, available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html 4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime SST anomalies 20010101 NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov Raster Grid Cell 331 720 0.5 0.5 Decimal Degrees Degree Heating Weeks grid cell 16-bit integer data elements in the coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks data self-evident coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks grid cell value The coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks in the location indicated by the pixel. In the Degree Heating Weeks data file, the units are in 100x degree Celsius- weeks and the values are stored as integer. Selected reference: 1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described in the following guide. Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov. 2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html. 3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda, available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html 4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144. 5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E. Bayler, Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems: Sea surface temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer publishers, January, 2006. 0 10000 NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. HDF4 format Sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature anomaly, bleaching HotSpots, and Degree Heating Weeks as remote sensing images and gridded data http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/ http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/data/current/current_all.hdf See web site http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/hdf4.html CD-ROM none HDF4 is commonly recognized data format. See web site http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/hdf4.html none The product in HDF4 format may be downloaded from the Web, ftp, and OPeNDAP site or obtained from the distributor. 20081023 20081023 NOAA Coral Reef Watch C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch mailing and physical address

NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy

Silver Spring Maryland 20910-3226 USA 301-713-2857 x 109 301-713-3136 coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998